28/04/2020 横线

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%!TEX program = xelatex
%表示用xelatex编译文件
\documentclass[a4paper]{ctexart}
\usepackage{array}
\begin{document}
\title{标题页}
\author{Ryan\thanks{注脚}%
\and Fan\thanks{注脚}%
}
\date{\today}
\maketitle
\abstract
一般用于紧跟\textbackslash maketitle 命令之后介绍文档的摘要\par
中文\LaTeX{}排版。
\section{\LaTeX 排版文字}
{}分段\\换行\textbackslash\par
冒号``please press the `x' key.''\par
连字符-用来组成复合词,\\%
短破折号--用来连接数字表示范围,\\%
长破折号---用来连接单词\par
省略号\dots{}\ldots\par
波浪号~\par
强调\underline{文字,但是无法换行,}%
\uline{ulem 宏包解决了这一问题,它提供的 uline 命令能够轻松生成自动换行的下划线。}%
\emph{emph 命令用来将文字变为斜体以示强调。%
\emph{如果在本身已经用 emph 命令强调的文字内部嵌套使用 emph 命令,}%
内部则使用直立体文字。%
}\par
在合适的位置插入一个不会断行的空格Fig.~1, Ryan~Fan\par
断行\\[15pt]可以带可选参数 ⟨length⟩,用于在换行处向下增加垂直间距%
\newline{}或者newline命令不用带参数\par
\newpage 断页,在在双栏排版中只起到另起一栏的作用\par
断词 I think this is: supercalifragil\-isticexpialidocious. %
And I think this is: supercalifragilisticexpialidocious.\par
\newpage
\tableofcontents
\section[目录和页眉页脚]{章节}
\subsection{子章节}
\subsubsection{子子章节}
\paragraph{段落}
\subparagraph{子段落}
\section*{标题不带编号}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{标题不带编号}
\part{分块}
\section{交叉引用}
A reference to this subsection\label{sec:this} looks like: %
``see section~\ref{sec:this} on page~\pageref{sec:this}.''
\section{脚注和边注}
“天地玄黄,宇宙洪荒。日月盈昃,辰宿列张。”\footnote{出自《千字文》。}\par
\begin{tabular}{l}
\hline
有些情况下(比如在表格环境、各种盒子\\
内)使用 footnote 并不能正确生成脚\\
注。我们以分两步进行,先使用 \\
footnotemark 为脚注计数,再在合适\\
的位置用 footnotetext 生成脚注。\footnotemark\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\footnotetext{出自《千字文》。}
\marginpar{\footnotesize 边注较窄,不要写过多文字,最好设置较小的字号。}
\section{特殊环境}
\subsection{列表}
有序列表
\begin{enumerate}
\item An item.
\begin{enumerate}
\item A nested item.\label{itref}
\item[*] A starred item.
\end{enumerate}
\item Reference(\ref{itref}).
\end{enumerate}
无序列表
\begin{itemize}
\item An item.
\begin{itemize}
\item A nested item.
\item[+] A `plus' item. + A plus item.
\item Another item. Another item.
\end{itemize}
\item Go back to upper level.
\end{itemize}
关键字环境
\begin{description}
\item[Enumerate] Numbered list.
\item[Itemize] Non-numbered list.
\end{description}
重定义无序列表的符号
\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{\dag}
\renewcommand{\labelitemii}{\ddag}
\begin{itemize}
\item First item
\begin{itemize}
\item Subitem
\item Subitem
\end{itemize}
\item Second item
\end{itemize}
重定义有序列表的符号
\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\Alph{enumi}>}
\begin{enumerate}
\item First item
\item Second item
\end{enumerate}
\subsection{对齐环境}
center、flushleft 和 flushright 环境分别用于生成%
居中、左对齐和右对齐的文本环境。
\begin{center}
Centered text using a
\verb|center| environment.
\end{center}
\begin{flushleft}
Left-aligned text using a
\verb|flushleft| environment.
\end{flushleft}
\begin{flushright}
Right-aligned text using a
\verb|flushright| environment.
\end{flushright}
还可以用以下命令直接改变文字的对齐方式:
\centering
Centered text paragraph.\par
\raggedright
Left-aligned text paragraph.\par
\raggedleft
Right-aligned text paragraph.\par
\begin{flushleft}
center 等环境会在上下文产生一个额外间距,%
\textbackslash centering 等命令不产生,只是改变对齐方式。%
\end{flushleft}
\raggedright
比如在浮动体环境 table 或 figure 内实现居中对齐,%
\textbackslash centering 命令即可,没必要再用 center 环境。
\subsection{引用环境}
\begin{description}
\item[quote] 用于引用较短的文字,首行不缩进\\
Francis Bacon says:
\begin{quote}
Knowledge is power.
\end{quote}
\item[quotation] 用于引用若干段文字,首行缩进\\
《木兰诗》:
\begin{quotation}
万里赴戎机,关山度若飞。
朔气传金柝,寒光照铁衣。
将军百战死,壮士十年归。
归来见天子,天子坐明堂。
策勋十二转,赏赐百千强。......
\end{quotation}
\end{description}
\subsection{代码环境}
\begin{verbatim}
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::cout << "Hello, world!"
<< std::endl;
return 0;
}
\end{verbatim}
\begin{verbatim*}
for (int i=0; i<4; ++i)
printf("Number %d\n",i);
\end{verbatim*}
要排版简短的代码或关键字\textbackslash verb ⟨delim⟩⟨code⟩⟨delim⟩\par
⟨delim⟩ 标明代码的分界位置,前后必须一致,除字母、空格或星号外,%
可任意选择使得不与代码本身冲突,习惯上使用 | 符号。\par
\verb|\LaTeX| \\
\verb+(a || b)+ \verb*+(a || b)+
\subsection{表格}
\subsubsection{列表格}
tabular 环境使用 ⟨column-spec⟩ 参数指定表格的列数以及每列的格式。\par
\begin{tabular}{lcr|p{6em}}
\hline
left & center & right & par box with fixed width\\
L & C & R & P\\
\hline
\end{tabular}\par
@ 格式可在单元格前后插入任意的文本,%
但同时它也消除了单元格前后额外添加的间距。\par
\begin{tabular}{@{} r@{:}lr @{}}
\hline
1 & 1 & one\\
11 & 3 & eleven\\
\hline
\end{tabular}\par
格式参数重复\par
\begin{tabular}{|*{5}{c|}*{2}{p{3em}|}}
\hline
one & two & three & four & five & Hello! \LaTeX & Hello!\\
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & hello! & \LaTeX\\
\hline
\end{tabular}\par
辅助格式 > 和 <,用于给列格式前后加上修饰命令\par
\begin{tabular}{>{\itshape}r<{*}l}
%需要使用array宏包
\hline
italic & normal \\
column & column \\
\hline
\end{tabular}\par
\begin{tabular}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{16em}}
\hline
辅助格式甚至支持插入 \textbackslash centering 等%
命令改变 p 列格式的对齐方式,一般还要加额外的命令 %
\textbackslash arraybackslash 以免出错。\\
\hline
\textbackslash centering 等对齐命令会破坏表格环境里 %
\textbackslash\textbackslash 换行命令的定义,%
\textbackslash arraybackslash 用来恢复之。%
如果不加 \textbackslash arraybackslash 命令,%
也可以用 \textbackslash tabularnewline 命令%
代替原来的 \textbackslash\textbackslash 实现表格换行。\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\LaTeX 本身提供了 tabular* 环境用来排版定宽表格,但是不太方便使用,%
比如要用到 @ 格式插入额外命令,令单元格之间的间距为 \textbackslash fill,%
但即使这样仍然有瑕疵:
\begin{tabular*}{14em}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
A & B & C & D \\
\hline
a & b & c & d \\
\hline
\end{tabular*}
is this… a test
\appendix
\section{附录}
\end{document}

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[2] (./learning_LaTeX.toc)
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[6] (./learning_LaTeX.aux)
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@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
%表示用xelatex编译文件 %表示用xelatex编译文件
\documentclass[a4paper]{ctexart} \documentclass[a4paper]{ctexart}
\usepackage{array} \usepackage{array}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{indentfirst}
\setlength{\parindent}{2em}
\begin{document} \begin{document}
\title{标题页} \title{标题页}
\author{Ryan\thanks{注脚}% \author{Ryan\thanks{注脚}%
@@ -13,7 +16,7 @@
一般用于紧跟\textbackslash maketitle 命令之后介绍文档的摘要\par 一般用于紧跟\textbackslash maketitle 命令之后介绍文档的摘要\par
中文\LaTeX{}排版。 中文\LaTeX{}排版。
\section{\LaTeX 排版文字} \section{\LaTeX 排版文字}
{}分段\\换行\textbackslash\par {}分段\\换行\textbackslash\textbackslash\par
冒号``please press the `x' key.''\par 冒号``please press the `x' key.''\par
连字符-用来组成复合词,\\% 连字符-用来组成复合词,\\%
短破折号--用来连接数字表示范围,\\% 短破折号--用来连接数字表示范围,\\%
@@ -212,10 +215,34 @@
也可以用 \textbackslash tabularnewline 命令% 也可以用 \textbackslash tabularnewline 命令%
代替原来的 \textbackslash\textbackslash 实现表格换行。\\ 代替原来的 \textbackslash\textbackslash 实现表格换行。\\
\hline \hline
\end{tabular} \end{tabular}\par
%\begin{tabular} \LaTeX 本身提供了 tabular* 环境用来排版定宽表格,但是不太方便使用,%
比如要用到 @ 格式插入额外命令,令单元格之间的间距为 \textbackslash fill,%
%\end{tabular} 但即使这样仍然有瑕疵:\par
\begin{tabular*}{14em}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
A & B & C & D \\
\hline
a & b & c & d \\
\hline
\end{tabular*}\par
tabularx 宏包为我们提供了方便的解决方案。它引入了一个 X 列格式,%
类似 p 列格式,不过会根据表格宽度自动计算列宽,多个X列格式平均分配列宽。%
X列格式也可以用 array 里的辅助 格式修饰对齐方式:\par
\begin{tabularx}{14em}{|*{4}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X|}}
\hline
A & B & C & D \\
\hline
a & b & c & d \\
\hline
\end{tabularx}\par
\subsubsection{横线}
\textbackslash cline\{i-j\} 用来绘制跨越部分单元格的横线:\par
三线表由 booktabs 宏包 支持,它提供了 \textbackslash toprule、%
\textbackslash midrule 和 \textbackslash bottomrule %
命令用以排版三线表的三条线, 以及和 \textbackslash cline 对应的 %
\textbackslash cmidrule。除此之外,最好不要用其它横线以及竖线:\par
\appendix \appendix
\section{附录} \section{附录}
\end{document} \end{document}

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@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}\LaTeX 排版文字}{1}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}目录和页眉页脚}{3}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1}子章节}{3}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.1.1}子子章节}{3}%
\contentsline {paragraph}{段落}{3}%
\contentsline {subparagraph}{子段落}{3}%
\contentsline {section}{标题不带编号}{3}%
\contentsline {part}{第一部分\hspace {1em}分块}{3}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}交叉引用}{3}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}脚注和边注}{4}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}特殊环境}{4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1}列表}{4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2}对齐环境}{5}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3}引用环境}{5}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4}代码环境}{5}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.5}表格}{6}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.5.1}列表格}{6}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A}附录}{6}%